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Houses in Ho Chi Minh City

  • 30 Colorful
    Unlike Hà Nội where most new houses have a very historicist decorative design, the new houses in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) are more modernist if not just utilitarian. And while the houses in Hà Nội are most often painted ochre or vermillion, there is a much greater use of other colors in HCMC. As in Hà Nội, most houses are "tube houses" in that they are very narrow but very long. Although I haven't confirmed this yet, it is said that these lots are narrow because property taxes are based on the width of the lot at the street line. In HCMC, I guess (without confirmation yet) that many of the new houses are designed by young architects trying out new ideas, and this is very good to see. This in contrast to the usual utilitarian modernist larger buildings in HCMC. These pictures can be viewed by clicking on the first or top picture in the album and then click "next" on each photo to proceed though the album in slide show fashion.
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04 March 2008

Tet Parties

My Tết holidays this year were enjoyed in Dắk Lắk Province at the home of my Vietnamese friend's parents, introduced in this previous posting.  A subsequent posting presented their home as a typical rural Dak Lak house.

Since the Tết Nguyễn Đán season is all about the gathering and visiting of family and friends, we spent many hours at parties before and after the first day of the lunar new year (7 February in this year 2008).  The pre-Tết parties were more lavish large affairs, with a variety of food.  On Tet (the first day of the lunar new year) and the days after, individuals travel around to the homes of relatives, friends, and neighbors.  Since everyone is on the road, dropping in at random unannounced times, the visiting parties are much shorter and don't involve much food.  There are always a beer or two, or a glass or two of rice wine, followed by liters of green tea.  Available at every home, and usually only during the first days of Tet, is a platter of watermelon seeds (hạt dưa) and ginger candies (mứt).
Tet_candies
Vietnamese crack open the seeds with their teeth at a rate of one every 5 or six seconds, leaving the shells on the table or the floor.  Since no sweeping is done in the first days of the new year (in order not to sweep out the good luck of the new year), the result is a huge pile of shells on the floor.  I never did get the hang of cracking and extracting the seed in one smooth motion like the Vietnamese do.

The big pre-Tet parties were the real peak experiences for me.  They were opportunities to meet the extended family and friends in one or two parties so that I had familiarity with them in advance of the smaller after-Tet visits.

Since these parties involved over 30 people at each, all of the furniture is removed from the sitting room, and multiple dining mats are put down to receive the food.
Preparing_for_the_party

Most of these large gatherings used propane gas burners for hot pots of broth, in which the various meats and vegetables were cooked.  I particularly liked the fish and the various pork innards.
Hot_pot_lunch
Like most Vietnamese meals, the food is very healthy with well-balanced portions of vegetables and grain (rice, of course) to offset the meats.

The guests sit down cross-legged on the floor in a circle around the perimeter of the room.
Sitting_for_the_party
The younger women and the children sit in the adjacent room.  These were the women that prepared and served the meal.
Womens_party

The great-grandmothers join the men in the main room.  Most of the men are 35 or younger, members of the Vietnamese baby-boom beginning in 1975.  There are very few great-grandfathers remaining in these families.  The ancestor altar always features the portrait of the grandfather or great-grandfather husbands of these grandmothers.  There are also few family members my age, including women.  It turned out I was the second oldest male in the room (at age 61), which was a shock to me since I constantly live under the impression I am still in my thirties (and not out of vanity -- I just continue to think that way -- I still haven't grown up psychologically -- and all of my Vietnamese friends are in their late 20s or early 30s).

I also had the realization that these families came from the northern province of Nghệ An, the birthplace of Hồ Chí Minh.  The men my age might have fought in the American War (my friend told me his father did at the tail-end of the war on the nothern side (he is five years younger than me)), and certainly the grandmothers would have experienced to some degree the French and American Wars.  Like many Vietnamese (and many American veterans), they don't talk about the war years.  On the whole, in my opinion, the Vietnamese are very present and future oriented, and optimistic that the new year brings good luck, so they don't dwell on the past.  When meeting new family members and friends, they would ask where I was from, and the answer that I was an American always brought big smiles and handshakes.

It certainly helped that I was able to keep up with all of the toasts and chugging of beer.  Getting right down to it, the food is only a companion to the real event -- the beer or wine, and the toasting for good luck.
Toasting_for_good_luck
I was down at the "young end" of the party.  The young man next to me is a medical doctor.
The_young_end_of_the_party

No one seems to get really drunk at these events, and Vietnamese do not seem to get belligerent at all when they do have too much to drink.  The smiles never end.

All of these parties end with relaxing around pots of green tea
Tea_time
while the younger women clean up the aftermath on the grass mats.
The_aftermath_2

I am very grateful to my friend for inviting me to his parent's home, where they accepted me like a member of the family.  Even though we do not speak a common language, there was no barrier to the hospitality and love they extended to me.  And these are all people of great humor and sociability -- I was proud to be accepted among them.
The_family_group

25 February 2008

Rural Vietnamese farmhouses

Since we visited over 20 families around the Tết (Lunar New Year) season in Đẳk Lẳk, I had an opportunity to see over 20 farm and village houses in this rural province.  The home of my friend's family was very representative of them all.

While their house was the typical masonry (extruded clay block) covered with plaster, many of the houses were constructed of wood framing and rough siding.  In the early 1980s, the government encouraged villagers from poor northern provinces to relocate to Dak Lak and plant coffee.  They distributed the land free but the recipients were obligated to clear the native forests, build a house, and plant coffee trees.  This is very similar to the "homestead" laws in the United States in the late 19th century that settled the western states.  All of the families I met (except for the indigenous "minority" tribespeople) had come from Nghệ An Province (on the coast between Hanoi and Huế).

Because the forests yielded substantial lumber, a majority of the rural houses in these central highland provinces are made of wood on a concrete platform.
Wood_house

The general plan and furnishings of both the wood and masonry houses were pretty much the same, however.

The entry doorway (almost always at the left front side of the house) enters into a sitting room.
Living_room
The furniture almost always consists of a cabinet below a high wall-mounted altar shelf, a coffee table, one long wood bench, and two wood chairs.  I never saw a cushion in all the houses I visited, including in the city of Buôn Ma Thuột.  The chairs are rather deep in the seat, which can become uncomfortable (for westerners like me, at least) after a half-hour of sitting.  The four young men in the photo were the home's first visitors on the first day of the Lunar New Year (at 3:00 am).  My friend is seated at the front of the photo.  They all went out to visit some other friends at 4:00 am.

This new house in Buôn Ma Thuột shows the same features, but the altar is a very modern adaptation of the normal altar shelf.
Sitting_area
The young woman in the photo (visiting her parents from HCMC) is an architecture and design student in my English group, and she designed this house.

If a large party is held, the furniture is moved outside and grass mats are laid down on the floor for dining and drinking.
Party_room
For normal meals, the grass mats are laid down on the floor of the adjacent bedroom that has ample space in front of the TV set.

There were three bedrooms in my friend's family house, but the beds were all very typical in all of the houses I saw; there are no mattresses, and the grass mats are laid over wood slats.  Mosquito nets are put up each evening (although there were significantly fewer bugs than what I experience daily in Ho Chi Minh City).
Bedroom

Laundry and bathing, with a jug of water to throw over oneself, takes place in the bath house.
Laundrybathing_room

Kitchens range from spartan to quite modern, with cabinets similar to western-style kitchen cabinets and countertops.
Kitchen

Much of the food preparation took place outside of the kitchen, however, where it was cooler and there was more light and room to work.  Unlike most of us westerners, Vietnamese are very comfortable squatting to work.
Food_prep
There was only one refrigerator in all of the rural houses that I saw.  In homes in the city of Buôn Ma Thuột, however, the three houses I visited all had refrigerators.

The chicken coop was just beyond the kitchen door, and it surrounded the open-air slot toilet in the concrete floor.
Chicken_coop

The home of the family's married daughter, a teacher in a large town close to Buon Ma Thuot, featured a front and rear garden, as well as a stocked fish pond for fishing.
Home_gardenpond

Vietnamese are very comfortable sitting on floors for long periods, sleeping in very hard beds, and lounging in hard chairs.  This old westerner adapted well-enough for the ten-day period in Đẳk Lẳk, but my old body is not used to this and I usually had to take a break during meal times to stretch a bit.  From what I see in HCMC city houses, however, urban Vietnamese are buying over-stuffed chairs and couches, although they continue to eat on the floor mats for large gatherings.  Over time, will Vietnamese slowly adapt to western tastes in comfort (and grow bigger, stiffer bodies as a result)?

See this posting on the Vietnamese family I visited for Tet, and this posting on Tet parties.

18 February 2008

Visiting a Vietnamese family for Tet

The Tết Nguyên Đán season (Tết) in Vietnam welcomes the lunar new year (similar to Chinese New Year), but most importantly, celebrates the family and its ancestors.  Vietnamese, including those from overseas, take this time out to return to the home of their parents or grandparents.  Therefore there is a huge migration of people up and down the country as Vietnamese travel from their work residence to their hometowns.  Most workers are given two weeks or more off for this season, so this time is also recognized as the single vacation time available over the work year.

Almost all manufacturers suspend factory operations during this season, and many small businesses such as restaurants close.  The normally busy markets close for at least four days, if not longer in rural areas.  This means that Vietnamese must prepare for Tet by laying in a stock of food and supplies.  Since home decoration for Tet is also important, this combination of preparing food, buying and installing decorations, and buying gifts or accumulating a supply of "lucky money" gives the preseason the same kind of pleasant anticipation that we westerners usually associate with our Christmas season preparations.  And Vietnamese look forward all year to the reunions with their families and childhood friends back in their hometowns.

To westerners in the cities that must deal with closed restaurants and the hustle and bustle in the markets, Tet can become a burden.  Therefore many expats (many of the them being teachers on a forced vacation) take this opportunity to travel elsewhere in Asia.  Last year, I was in Vietnam for my first Tet season, and I enjoyed the freshness of the experience and the lavish decorations of flowers and lights in downtown Saigon.  The season did go on for too long a time, however, and I missed my normal sources of restaurants and cafés.  I did not look forward to staying in the city again with its energy lost.

This year, I was very privileged to be invited by a Vietnamese friend of mine to travel to his parent's farm in beautiful rural Dak Lak Province, 30-some kilometers out of the province capital of Buôn Ma Thuột.
Dak_lak_countryside

This became a rare opportunity to see and experience how the majority of Vietnam's population on rural farms live.  The result for me was one of the peak experiences of my life, tempered with the occasional tedium of constant visiting and never-ending food and drink that comes with too long of a season.

We began by leaving Ho Chi Minh City five days prior to the new year.  Since most factories had just shut down, there was a rush of Vietnamese for the buses and trains leaving for the rural hometowns.  We had secured bus reservations in advance, so we missed the chaotic crush at the bus ticket counters.  Normally, my friend would be taking one of the crammed minibuses to Dak Lak, but I prevailed upon him to upgrade a bit to a standard bus operated by Mai Linh so I would have room for my longer legs.  Luggage must also be kept to am minimum, since travel by minibus or motorbike in Vietnam does not allow lugging around much bulk.  Vietnamese travel with very little since they wash clothes by hand daily.  Of course I had my computer and camera, so I was overloaded.  Upon arrival in Ban Me Thout (the former name for Buôn Ma Thuột), we borrowed a motorbike from my friend's uncle and biked the road to the home village with luggage and all on the motorbike.

Vietnamese often say that the country is poor, especially the rural farmers.  In economic terms, this is probably correct.  My friend's family own a hectare of land upon which they grow coffee, pepper, and green tea.  With a harvest of 5 metric tons of robusta green bean coffee annually, they gross only US$10,000 per year at current prices (US$2.05/kilogram).  But this family seems to have everything they need, including a masonry house, home-grown vegetables and chickens, and satellite TV.
Dak_lak_farmhouse

In comparison with city families, they sacrifice a level of comfort and extra toys, but their demeanor and hard work indicates they are satisfied with their lives so long as their children successfully graduate from a university and find jobs in the city.  And that is what has occurred for their first three children including my friend, who is now an accountant for a company in HCMC.  One 12-year old child remains on the farm.
Dak_lak_family

We visited many relatives and neighbors in this area, and all homes had about the same level of standard of living.

The family welcomed me with the friendly hospitality characteristic of Vietnamese, and I couldn't have been better cared for.  On the other hand, the main business at hand was execution of the Tet customs, and I was encouraged to participate fully in the activities like a Vietnamese and a member of the family rather than as a western guest with accommodations made to defer to western tastes and comfort.  So much the better from my point of view and curiosity about common Vietnamese life.

The family owns no vehicles other than a motorbike, so I was surprised to see such a large "parking lot" in front of their house.
Coffee_drying_area
It was explained that this expanse of concrete is helpful for drying the coffee beans (seeds) after the berry husks have been threshed off.

Lots more to follow in the coming days.....

See this posting on rural farmhouses, and this posting on Tet parties.

16 October 2007

More on jungle cafés...

Last year about this time, I expressed my frustration about the constant rains characteristic of the final month or so of the rainy season in Ho Chi Minh City.  This year we just accepted it like most Vietnamese and didn't let it stop us from getting out and about like it had last year.

So we headed out a few mornings ago to take a long motorbike ride out to District 9 of HCMC, the northern-most rural district of the city.  The city government is trying to encourage development of this district as an alternative to increased density in the inner-city districts.

We managed to miss the intermittent rain on our way out to District 9 along the Hanoi Highway, and we missed it on the way back through the Thủ Thiêm area of District 2, with a ferry ride across the Sài Gòn River to downtown Saigon.

We ducked into a cafe for a lunch stop and to let a rainstorm go over us.  Given the number of postings about cafés and coffee in this blog, readers must have the impression by now that I am obsessed with Vietnamese cà phê, and I surely am.  One of the reasons is the chocolaty taste of Vietnamese coffee -- the other is the unusual and comfortable venues for relaxing while drinking Vietnamese cà phê.

I posted about the jungle cafés out in the HCMC rural districts a year ago.  This particular jungle café in District 9 features a fully-stocked fish pond.  In addition to being a café, this establishment is also a hot-pot restaurant and a place to go fishing.
Img_8255

Some retirees were there fishing, and then cooking the fish for lunch.  The café, Tân Dồng Sông Xanh at 14/387 Lã Xuân Oai in the Tăng Nhơn Phú A neighborhood of District 9, advertises itself as an environmental recreation park.

Meanwhile, we relaxed and enjoyed the hammocks.
Img_8257

There were several gazeboes available for parties.
Img_8258

12 February 2007

Slaughtering pigs for Tet

Jon over at the The Final Word...in Saigon blog has posted beautiful pictures of preparations for the Tet festival and holiday here in Ho Chi Minh City.  His posting is entitled "Tet Prep : Pig Crazy" since this coming lunar new year is the Year of the Pig.

There is another side to celebrating the pig, however.  Pigs are the prime ingredient for Tet dishes, as they are at all times of the Vietnamese year.  Pigs have to be prepared to be sold in the market.

We took a leisurely Sunday drive out to Thu Duc yesterday.

Sunday_traffic

Thu Duc is a rural District north of the inner districts of HCMC.

Thu_duc_market

It is home to one of the largest universities in Viet Nam, Nong Lam University, with 11,000 students.

Thu_duc

While primarily an agricultural and natural resources university, there are many other academic centers there.

Nong_lang_university

While looking for a café, we came across a farmer slaughtering pigs.  This was primarily a "city kid sees a rural phenomenon" experience.  As you can see from the kids in the picture below, this was a common experience for them.

Pig_farm

This was a rather public venue -- no walls or fences, except for the barn the pigs were kept in (and electrocuted in).  This was a drive-up opportunity.

I love to tell stories with photographs in these postings, but the remainder of the story and accompanying photographs could be offensive to many people.  Therefore this story is continued on my Flickr photo site at http://www.flickr.com/gp/24221644@N00/81K32K
Please be warned that these photos show blood and gore, so don't go there if you may be offended by such content.

07 October 2006

Mid-Autumn Festival time....

I knew something fun must be coming up when these huge new stands (always with bright yellow backgrounds) began springing up everywhere last month along the streets of TP. Hồ Chí Minh.
Mooncake_stand
These stands are similar to the temporary stands set up in America to sell pumpkins at Halloween time or Christmas trees in December.

They sell a large variety of mooncakes in evidently large quantities.  Given the bright packaging, it seems that they are meant to be offered as gifts, and we did receive several mooncakes from friends.  The large mooncake in the photograph below was hand-made by the family of a young man in my English Club, and was exceptionally delicious.  We have eaten three of the four that he gave us, and each had a different filling.
Mooncake

The mooncakes are a key element of the Mid-Autumn Festival, which Tuan at the blog ۩ ₪₪₪₪₪▪ Sticky Rice ▪₪₪₪₪₪ ۩  outlined in a posting yesterday.  There is quite a bit more detail at the Wikipedia entry for the Mid-Autumn Festival.  The wikipedia entry states:

The Vietnamese version of the holiday recounts the legend of Thằng Cuội, whose banyan trees were uprooted after his wife accidentally urinated on it and took him with it to the moon. Every year, on the mid-autumn festival, children light lanterns to show Cuội the way to Earth.

We saw a few children last night on the hem (lane) with beautiful lanterns.  My friend emem suggested that we go downtown to the Unification Palace to see festival events tailored for children, but we arrived back in central Sài Gòn too late last night from a festival party we attended in Củ Chi, in the western-most reaches of HCMC.

Since this festival is very important in most Asian countries, other Asians in Viet Nam also celebrate the festival in different ways.  We were fortunate to be invited to a party given by the Taiwanese business owners of a cookie factory out in the countryside within the Củ Chi District.
Moon_festival_party
The dinner reminded me of vineyard dinners in the Napa Valley of California, with several bottles of good red wine and scrumptious food prepared by our Taiwanese business friend David with the help of several very supportive Vietnamese.
Cooking
The temperature outside was just right at about 27 C. (80 F.), and the quiet countryside air was refreshing after a long motorbike ride down diesel-smog highways.

Their factory makes an exceptionally tasty French Cookies in several varieties.  My favorite has a thin cappuccino-tasting cream filling.  Even though this festival is not a legal holiday in Việt Nam, they had given the afternoon off to their Vietnamese employees (most of whom live at the factory) and set up a parallel party for them.
French_cookies

13 August 2006

They still build wood boats in Viet Nam

Quy Nhơn is a natural harbor and beach along the south-central coast of Việt Nam in Bình Định Province.  It is home to many fishing boats.
Quy_nhon_beach
In addition to harvesting shellfish, these boats catch fish common in the Vietnamese diet, as shown here with fish drying on the shore.
Fish_drying

Most of the fishing boats are made of wood, and we came across a rudimentary shipyard along the shore where many of these boats are made.
Boat_building
There were four or five boats at various stages of production.  The boat building starts with the laying of the keel.
Keel_laying
Lumber planks are bent into desired shapes through heating and wetting.
Bending_lumber
Wood pegs are used to attach the wood planks to the frame.
Wood_pegs
The finished boat is given a bright coat of paint and then floated out into the bay.
New_boats
Note the round grass-basket dinghies attached to the boats for getting to shore and back.

16 July 2006

Out in the HCMC Countryside Part 2

Heading north out of Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh (TPHCM) east of Tân Sơn Nhất Airport, you travel on urban streets of Quận (District) Gò Vấp that take you to the west once you clear the airport grounds.  Moving out of Gò Vấp and into Quận 12, you proceed through the new industrial areas of TPHCM.  You are in the heart of this area as you cross the national highway bypass (QL-1A) constructed in 1972 by RMK-BRJ.
Hcmc_ring_road
This highway is now part of a ring road intended to circle TPHCM.  The eastern part is currently under construction in Quận 2.  As is typical in growing cities around the world, industrial and high-tech parks are strung out along these important lines of communication and transport.

Once you move past the ring road and head into Huyện (Suburban District) Hóc Môn, the countryside begins.  Somewhere beyond the newest factories under construction, we took a wrong turn and wound up in real farm country.
Vietnam_country_road
This gave us an opportunity to see where our market produce comes from.
Vietnam_fields
If you expand the photo by clicking on it, you can see a new factory in the background.  The TPHCM 2020 Master Plan dedicates this area for agricultural production, but we shall see if this actually happens.

We were looking for province highway (TL) 9.  These smaller highways are not marked with their highway numbers.  You need to follow direction signs to destination towns, which aren't always shown on a map or using the same name.  But we eventually found it with a little help.
Vietnam_countryside
This highway parallels the Sông Sài Gòn heading northwest out of the city.  You never see the river, however, past the fields and forests.  We stopped along the way for a fruit snack.
Vietnam_fruit_stand

Our destination was the larger town of Thủ Dầu Một in Bình Dương Province.  You cross the Sông Sài Gòn into the town.
Thu_dau_mot
There is a new bridge under construction, but you take a quick ferry across the river for now.  Thù Dầu Một could be a successful tourist town due to a bit of topography (unusual in southern Việt Nam) and the river-front, but the people there haven't figured that out yet.  There were no restaurants along the river.
Vietnam_country_town
If you don't cross the river, there is still 27 kilometers of rural highway to the western border of TPHCM into Tây Ninh Province.

We completed a loop back to Saigon on national highway QL-13, which is a wide truck-laden industrial route through Bình Dương Province.  This loop was about 48 kilometers, which is a long time on a motorbike.

15 July 2006

Out in the HCMC Countryside Part 1

Thành Phố (City) Hồ Chí Minh (TPHCM) is as large in area as some provinces in Việt Nam, and includes a large amount of countryside.  As we have posted earlier, TPHCM is a very densely-populated urban city.  While averaging 10,405 people per square kilometer in its 19 inner-city districts, there are 44,000 people per square kilometer in the densest district (11).  Nevertheless, there are five "suburban" districts where the average population density is 610 people per square meter.

There is no interesting destination to head for in the TPHCM countryside, but it is nice once in a while to head out and see a different setting.  Two possibilities are Quận(Urban District) 2 to the east of downtown Sài Gòn across the Sông (River) Sài Gòn, or north past Tân Sơn Nhất Airport through Quận 12 to Huyện (Suburban District) Móc Môn and the eastern part of Huyên Củ Chi.  We will cover the northern trip tomorrow -- today we cover the eastern trip.

You can take the crowded Hà Nội Highway out towards Biên Hòa and turn right once over the Sài Gòn Bridge into the An Phú neighborhood and head south into the Quân 2 countryside, but that is a long way and takes too much time.  A shorter and much more pleasurable way to get to Quận 2 is by ferry over the Sông Sài Gòn.  The ferry landing in Sài Gòn is at the foot of Dồng Khởi Street on Tôn Đửc Thắng Street.
Thu_thiem_ferry
A small truck or two might take the ferry, but the bulk of vehicles transported will be motorbikes.
Ferry_boat
This is the view back to urban Sài Gòn.
Saigon_river_1
On the Quận 2 side of the river, the view is green and small-scale, but with lots of big billboards facing Sài Gòn on the river's edge.
Thu_thiem_side
This side of the river in Quận 2 is destined to become the huge new urban area of Thủ Thiêm, analogous to Pudong across the river from the Shanghai Bund.  Sasaki Associates, a well-known architecture/landscape planning firm from the USA has done the new city plan, but the project seems to have little momentum at this time.

For now, though, you are in a very small town upon arriving by ferry.
Hcmc_district_2
But a kilometer up the road, you are in countryside.
Hcmc_countryside
One has to remember, though, that one is still deep in TPHCM at this point since it is 16 more kilometers to the borderline with Dồng Nai Province.  From this main road through Thủ Thiêm, you can see the beginnings of urban development, such as these new housing condos under construction at An Phú.
An_phu_district_2
Key attractions out here are the "jungle" coffee shops that we posted about a month ago.
Relaxing